In 1911 Mongolia declared itself independent from China, but had to struggle till 1921 before the independence was frimly established and it was internationally not recognized before 1945.
In 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was declared and it came under strong Russian influence, when the politics began to follow the same communist patterns.
After the breakdown of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe in late 1989, Mongolia saw its own Democratic Revolution in early 1990, which led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and the - rather rough - transition to a market economy.
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